Working principle of automobile air conditioning condenser

The tubesheet condenser consists of a refrigerant spiral tube mounted on a series of thin heat sinks.
In the limited space of the engine compartment, this design structure can provide the maximum heat dissipation area. The condenser receives high temperature and high pressure refrigerant vapor from the compressor, and the vapor refrigerant flows into and through the spiral tube from the top of the condenser.
The heat in the vapor of the hot refrigerant dissipates to the atmosphere through the heat sink. When the refrigerant vapor is cooled and flows down through the condenser, the temperature at which condensation occurs is reached, and the gaseous refrigerant becomes a liquid refrigerant. At the cold point, the refrigerant releases more heat. The refrigerant at the bottom of the condenser is a warm, high-pressure liquid. In an automobile air conditioning system operating at an average heat load, the upper two-thirds of the condenser spiral tube is the hot refrigerant vapor, while the lower one-third is the liquid refrigerant. This high-pressure liquid refrigerant exits the condenser and flows forward into the evaporator.